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Published: November 8, 2025 | Updated: November 8, 2025By Gangsteel Engineering Team – 25+ Years in Stainless Steel Export Excellence
In the specialized domain of stainless steels compliant with ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M standards, 316Ti emerges as a titanium-stabilized austenitic grade whose microstructure and heat treatment are pivotal to its superior performance in corrosive and high-temperature environments.
As a premier producer and exporter based in China, Gangsteel has supplied thousands of tons of 316Ti stainless steel, meeting ASTM A240/A240M specs for plates and sheets, to industries like petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and marine.
If you're optimizing material for a welded reactor or analyzing heat treatment effects on microstructure under ASME SA240/SA240M, understanding 316Ti's grain structure, phase stability, and treatment processes is essential. This article explores its microstructure, heat treatment data, and impacts on properties, based on ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M standards and our mill tests.
From our production lines, we've observed 316Ti's microstructural resilience: In a 2024 German chemical facility, our 316Ti components under ASTM A240 /A240M maintained fine austenitic grains after heat treatment at 1050°C, resisting IGC and retaining strength for 2 years in acidic heat, as per client microscopy. Compliant with ASME SA240/SA240M for pressure apps, 316Ti's density of 8.00 g/cm³ supports stable microstructures. Let's delve into the details, from composition to advanced treatments, to equip you for informed decisions.
316Ti stainless steel, compliant with ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, features a stable austenitic microstructure with titanium carbides that prevent grain boundary weakening, ensuring excellent high-temperature performance up to 815°C. Heat treatment involves annealing at 1050-1150°C for solutionizing, with no post-weld treatment needed due to Ti stabilization. This results in tensile strength 515 MPa min, elongation 40% min, and resistance to sensitization. Compared to 316L, 316Ti offers better microstructural integrity in heat, with density 8.00 g/cm³ and PREN 23-28. Ideal for boilers and exhausts; Gangsteel stocks 1-200mm with certs for custom apps.
The chemical composition of 316Ti, as specified in ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, is designed to form a stable austenitic microstructure, with titanium ensuring carbide control for grain boundary integrity.
|
Element |
% Range or Max |
Role in Microstructure |
|---|---|---|
|
Carbon (C) |
0.08 max |
Low C limits austenite destabilization; Ti binds as TiC for fine grains. |
|
Manganese (Mn) |
2.00 max |
Stabilizes austenite; prevents ferritic phases in microstructure. |
|
Silicon (Si) |
0.75 max |
Aids deoxidation; minor role in grain refinement. |
|
Phosphorus (P) |
0.045 max |
Limited to avoid segregation at grain boundaries. |
|
Sulfur (S) |
0.030 max |
Controlled for clean microstructure; avoids inclusions. |
|
Chromium (Cr) |
16.00-18.00 |
Forms austenite matrix; enhances passive film on grains. |
|
Molybdenum (Mo) |
2.00-3.00 |
Solid solution in austenite; no direct microstructural change. |
|
Nickel (Ni) |
10.00-14.00 |
Primary austenite stabilizer; promotes uniform grain structure. |
|
Titanium (Ti) |
5x(C+N) min, 0.70 max |
Key for microstructure; forms TiC/TiN precipitates to pin grains and prevent IGC. |
|
Nitrogen (N) |
0.10 max |
Interstitial in austenite; Ti controls to avoid nitride coarsening. |
|
Iron (Fe) |
Balance |
Base for FCC austenitic microstructure. |
This composition under ASTM A240/A240M results in a fully austenitic microstructure with fine Ti precipitates, resistant to grain growth at high temps.
Gangsteel's 316Ti meets ASME SA240/SA240M for microstructural stability.
316Ti's microstructure, as per ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, is predominantly face-centered cubic (FCC) austenite, with titanium carbides (TiC) and nitrides (TiN) dispersed to stabilize grain boundaries.
Density 8.00 g/cm³ ensures uniform microstructure in thick sections. Compared to 316, 316Ti's Ti avoids M23C6 at boundaries, enhancing high-temp durability. Gangsteel's etchant tests show fine, stable grains post-heat.
For uns stainless steel plates, 316Ti microstructure excels.
Heat treatment under ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M is minimal for 316Ti, as Ti stabilization reduces need for post-weld annealing.
Treatment ensures microstructure with TiC precipitates <1 μm, boosting IGC resistance. Avoid 425-815°C to prevent sigma, though Ti mitigates. Gangsteel's vacuum annealing achieves uniform grains.
316Ti's properties, per ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, benefit from its stable microstructure.
|
Property |
Minimum Value |
Typical Range |
Microstructural Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
515 |
550-700 |
Austenite matrix provides high tensile; Ti prevents weakening. |
|
Yield Strength (MPa) |
205 |
220-300 |
Grain boundary TiC enhances yield at heat. |
|
Elongation (%) |
40 |
45-55 |
Ductile austenite for excellent elongation. |
|
Hardness (HRB max) |
95 |
80-90 |
Soft microstructure for forming. |
|
Impact (Charpy J) |
Not req. |
100+ at RT |
Stable grains maintain toughness. |
Microstructure ensures properties hold at 815°C.
Physical traits of 316Ti, compliant with ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, complement its microstructure.
|
Property |
Value |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
|
Density (g/cm³) |
8.00 |
Consistent for microstructural calcs. |
|
Melting Range (°C) |
1370-1400 |
High for microstructural stability. |
|
Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) |
14.6 (at 100°C) |
Aids heat flow without grain damage. |
|
Specific Heat (J/kg·K) |
500 |
Efficient for microstructural heating. |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (10^-6 /°C) |
16.5 (20-100°C) |
Low to prevent grain stress. |
|
Modulus (GPa) |
193 |
Supports microstructural integrity under load. |
|
Electrical Resistivity (μΩ·cm) |
74 |
Moderate; no microstructural effect. |
These ensure microstructure remains stable in thermal apps.
316Ti's corrosion resistance, per ASTM A240/A240M and ASME SA240/SA240M, is enhanced by its microstructure, with Ti preventing grain boundary attacks.
316Ti welds well, Ti preserving microstructure in HAZ per ASTM A240/A240M. No preheat; good for heat-treated fab.
Gangsteel's 316Ti SA240 Type 316Ti maintains grains post-weld.
316Ti's microstructure suits chemical reactors (grain stability), food equipment (clean boundaries), marine piping (IGC resistance).
In Gangsteel's supply to U.S. pharma, 316Ti microstructure endured steam without degradation.
Equivalents: EN 1.4571 (similar austenite with Ti). For A240 GR 316Ti, microstructure matches.
Gangsteel stocks 316Ti at $3,200-3,800/ton FOB. 1-200mm thick, ASME SA240 certs with microstructural data. Contact for analysis.
Q: What is the microstructure of 316Ti stainless steel?
A: 316Ti has a fully austenitic microstructure with fine TiC/TiN precipitates at grain boundaries, preventing carbide formation and ensuring stability per ASTM A240/A240M.
Q: How does heat treatment affect 316Ti's microstructure?
A: Solution annealing at 1050-1150°C dissolves carbides, quenching preserves austenite, no hardening needed—microstructure remains stable, per ASME SA240/SA240M.
Q: What is the typical grain size in 316Ti after heat treatment?
A: ASTM grain size 6-8 in annealed 316Ti, with Ti pinning boundaries to prevent growth during heat treatment.
Q: How does titanium influence 316Ti's microstructure?
A: Titanium forms TiC/TiN precipitates, stabilizing austenite grains and preventing Cr depletion at boundaries for IGC resistance.
Q: What is the heat treatment process for 316Ti stainless steel?
A: Anneal at 1050-1150°C (1 hr/25mm), water quench; no post-weld treatment needed due to Ti, per ASTM A240/A240M.
Q: Does heat treatment change 316Ti's density?
A: No, density remains 8.00 g/cm³; heat treatment affects microstructure but not volume.
Q: How does microstructure impact 316Ti's corrosion resistance?
A: Stable austenite with Ti-stabilized boundaries prevents IGC, ensuring uniform corrosion <0.1 mm/year in acids.
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